#!/usr/bin/perl
#
#  IP Address Abacus
#  http://www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/ipabacus/
#
#  My humble attempt at a GUI IP Subnet calculation tool.
#  by Anthony Anderberg
#  ant@anderbergfamily.net

# 
#  History:
#
#  version 0.1 - 0.8
#  4/9/2007 - Initial prototype Versions
#
#  version 0.9
#  7/15/2007 - Fiddled with TK widget packing
#
#  version 1.0
#  7/17/2007 - Finished major features
#
#  version 1.1 - 1.2
#  7/24/2007 - bug fixes, cleanup, and general beautification
#
#  version 1.3
#  7/26/2007 - first public release
#

$version = "1.3";

#use strict;  # Ha! I'm way too messy for this.

###########################
#
#  Lots of the hard work here is being done by other people's code
#

#  The GUI magic is provided by these modules.
use Tk;
use Tk::DialogBox;


#  Setup a table with our netmask representations.
$netmask[0] = '0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0,255.255.255.255';

$netmask[1] = '128.0.0.0,80.0.0.0,127.255.255.255';
$netmask[2] = '192.0.0.0,C0.0.0.0,63.255.255.255';
$netmask[3] = '224.0.0.0,E0.0.0.0,31.255.255.255';
$netmask[4] = '240.0.0.0,F8.0.0.0,15.255.255.255';
$netmask[5] = '248.0.0.0,FC.0.0.0,7.255.255.255';
$netmask[6] = '252.0.0.0,FE.0.0.0,3.255.255.255';
$netmask[7] = '254.0.0.0,FF.0.0.0,1.255.255.255';
$netmask[8] = '255.0.0.0,FF.0.0.0,0.255.255.255';

$netmask[9] = '255.128.0.0,FF.80.0.0,0.127.255.255';
$netmask[10] = '255.192.0.0,FF.C0.0.0,0.63.255.255';
$netmask[11] = '255.224.0.0,FF.E0.0.0,0.31.255.255';
$netmask[12] = '255.240.0.0,FF.F0.0.0,0.15.255.255';
$netmask[13] = '255.248.0.0,FF.F8.0.0,0.7.255.255';
$netmask[14] = '255.252.0.0,FF.FC.0.0,0.3.255.255';
$netmask[15] = '255.254.0.0,FF.FE.0.0,0.1.255.255';
$netmask[16] = '255.255.0.0,FF.FF.0.0,0.0.255.255';

$netmask[17] = '255.255.128.0,FF.FF.80.0,0.0.127.255';
$netmask[18] = '255.255.192.0,FF.FF.C0.0,0.0.63.255';
$netmask[19] = '255.255.224.0,FF.FF.E0.0,0.0.31.255';
$netmask[20] = '255.255.240.0,FF.FF.F0.0,0.0.15.255';
$netmask[21] = '255.255.248.0,FF.FF.F8.0,0.0.7.255';
$netmask[22] = '255.255.252.0,FF.FF.FC.0,0.0.3.255';
$netmask[23] = '255.255.254.0,FF.FF.FE.0,0.0.1.255';
$netmask[24] = '255.255.255.0,FF.FF.FF.0,0.0.0.255';

$netmask[25] = '255.255.255.128,FF.FF.FF.C0,0.0.0.127';
$netmask[26] = '255.255.255.192,FF.FF.FF.C0,0.0.0.63';
$netmask[27] = '255.255.255.224,FF.FF.FF.E0,0.0.0.31';
$netmask[28] = '255.255.255.240,FF.FF.FF.F0,0.0.0.15';
$netmask[29] = '255.255.255.248,FF.FF.FF.F8,0.0.0.7';
$netmask[30] = '255.255.255.252,FF.FF.FF.FC,0.0.0.3';
$netmask[31] = '255.255.255.254,FF.FF.FF.FE,0.0.0.1';
$netmask[32] = '255.255.255.255,FF.FF.FF.FF,0.0.0.0';


#######################
# 
#  Various global variables and their initial values
# 
$current_class = "B";
$class_bits = 16;
$txt_octet1 = 172;
$txt_octet2 = 16;
$txt_octet3 = 0;
$txt_octet4 = 0;
$scale_cidrbits = $class_bits;
$cb_allsubnets = 1;
$cb_supernetting = 0;


#######################
# 
#  Setup our main Window and its widgets
# 
$mw = MainWindow->new;
$mw->title("IP Address Abacus");


$topframe = $mw->Frame()->pack(-side=>'top', -expand=>1);
$buttonframe = $mw->Frame()->pack(-side=>'bottom');
$sliderframe = $mw->Frame()->pack(-side=>'bottom', -expand=>1, -fill=>'both');
$leftframe = $mw->Frame()->pack(-side=>'left', -expand=>1, -fill=>'both');
$rightframe = $mw->Frame()->pack(-side=>'right', -expand=>1, -fill=>'both');

$topframe->Label(-text=>"Address and CIDR:")->pack(-side=>"left", -pady=>10, -padx=>10);
$entry1 = $topframe->Entry(-textvariable=>\$txt_octet1, -width=>3)->pack(-ipadx=>5, -side=>"left", -pady=>10);
$entry2 = $topframe->Entry(-textvariable=>\$txt_octet2, -width=>3)->pack(-ipadx=>5, -side=>"left", -pady=>10);
$entry3 = $topframe->Entry(-textvariable=>\$txt_octet3, -width=>3)->pack(-ipadx=>5, -side=>"left", -pady=>10);
$entry4 = $topframe->Entry(-textvariable=>\$txt_octet4, -width=>3)->pack(-ipadx=>5, -side=>"left", -pady=>10);
$topframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_cidr)->pack(-side=>"left", -pady=>10);

$rb_classa = $leftframe->Radiobutton(-text=>"Class A (1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0)", -variable=>\$current_class, -value=>"A", -command=>\&SetClass)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rb_classb = $leftframe->Radiobutton(-text=>"Class B (128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0)", -variable=>\$current_class, -value=>"B", -command=>\&SetClass)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rb_classc = $leftframe->Radiobutton(-text=>"Class C (192.0.1.0 - 223.255.255.0)", -variable=>\$current_class, -value=>"C", -command=>\&SetClass)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);

$leftframe->Label(-text=>" ")->pack(-anchor=>"w", -pady=>0);
$leftframe->Checkbutton(-text=>"Use first and last subnets", -variable=>\$cb_allsubnets, -command=>\&SyncDisplay)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$leftframe->Checkbutton(-text=>"Allow Supernetting", -variable=>\$cb_supernetting, -command=>\&SyncDisplay)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);

$leftframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_subnets)->pack(-side=>"bottom", -anchor=>'sw', -padx=>5);

$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_currentnet)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_currentfirst)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_currentlast)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_currentbcast)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);

$rightframe->Label(-text=>" ")->pack(-anchor=>"w", -pady=>0);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_decmask)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_hexmask)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);
$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_aclmask)->pack(-anchor=>"w", -padx=>5);

$rightframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_hosts)->pack(-side=>"bottom", -anchor=>'se', -padx=>5);

$scale = $sliderframe->Scale(-from=>0, -to=>30, -variable=>\$scale_cidrbits, -orient=>'horizontal', -command=>\&SyncDisplay)->pack(-fill=>'x');
$sliderframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_addressmap)->pack();
$sliderframe->Label(-textvariable=>\$txt_bitlist)->pack();

$buttonframe->Button(-text=>"About", -command=>\&AboutDisplay)->pack(-ipadx=>20, -side=>"left", -pady=>10, -padx=>10);
$detailsbutton = $buttonframe->Button(-text=>"Subnet Details", -command=>\&Details)->pack(-ipadx=>20, -side=>"left", -pady=>10, -padx=>10);
$buttonframe->Button(-text=>"Exit", -command=>sub { exit })->pack(-ipadx=>20, -side=>"left", -pady=>10, -padx=>10);

#
# A few bindings help us have a more polished user experiance.
#
$entry1->bind("<FocusOut>", [ \&UpdatedOctetEntry ]);
$entry1->bind("<KeyPress>", [ \&CheckEntry, Ev('K') ]);
$entry2->bind("<FocusOut>", [ \&UpdatedOctetEntry ]);
$entry2->bind("<KeyPress>", [ \&CheckEntry, Ev('K') ]);
$entry3->bind("<FocusOut>", [ \&UpdatedOctetEntry ]);
$entry3->bind("<KeyPress>", [ \&CheckEntry, Ev('K') ]);
$entry4->bind("<FocusOut>", [ \&UpdatedOctetEntry ]);
$entry4->bind("<KeyPress>", [ \&CheckEntry, Ev('K') ]);


#######################
#
#  Here we go!
#
MainLoop;


#######################
#
#  Routine to convert a binary number to decimal 
#  doted octet form like we expect to see.
# 
sub bin2dotoct
 {
   my ($foo, $one, $two, $three, $four) = 0;
   $foo = shift;

   #  After trying for a half hour to show off with 
   #  a regular expression, I use the unglorious substr.
   $one   = substr ($foo, 0,  8);
   $two   = substr ($foo, 8,  8);
   $three = substr ($foo, 16, 8);
   $four  = substr ($foo, 24, 8);

   $one   = bin2dec($one);
   $two   = bin2dec($two);
   $three = bin2dec($three);
   $four  = bin2dec($four);

   return "$one.$two.$three.$four";
 }


#######################
#
#   Items from the Perl Cookbook by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington.
#
sub dec2bin
 {
  # Decmal to Binary conversion
  my $str = unpack("B32", pack("N", shift));
  return $str;
 }
sub bin2dec
 {
  # Binary to Decmal conversion
  # Pad with leading zeros if needed.
  my $temp = substr("0" x32 . shift, -32);
  my $str = unpack("N", pack("B32", $temp));
  return $str; 
 }
sub commify
 {
  # Put commas in numbers for readability
  my $text = reverse $_[0];
  $text =~ s/(\d\d\d)(?=\d)(?!\d*\.)/$1,/g;
  return scalar reverse $text;
 }


#######################
#
#  Routine to convert decimal numbers to doted octet like we expect to see.
#  We'll use this later to make address range figuring easier.
sub dec2dotoct
 {
   my $in = shift;
   my $b  = dec2bin($in);
   return bin2dotoct($b);
 }


#######################
#
#  This routine makes sure our octet boxes are sync'ed with our radio buttons.
#
sub UpdatedOctetEntry
 {
  # Just in case any non-digits got through
  $txt_octet1 =~ s/\D//g;
  $txt_octet2 =~ s/\D//g;
  $txt_octet3 =~ s/\D//g;
  $txt_octet4 =~ s/\D//g;

  # Only accept values within the correct ranges.
  if ($txt_octet1 < 1  ) { $txt_octet1 = 1;   }
  if ($txt_octet1 > 233) { $txt_octet1 = 233; }
  if ($txt_octet2 eq '') { $txt_octet2 = 0; }
  if ($txt_octet3 eq '') { $txt_octet3 = 0; }
  if ($txt_octet4 eq '') { $txt_octet4 = 0; }


  # Now based on those values set the radio buttons
  if ($txt_octet1 < 127)
   {
    $rb_classa->select;
   }
  elsif (($txt_octet1 >= 128)&&($txt_octet1 <= 191))
   {
    $rb_classb->select;
   }
  elsif (($txt_octet1 >= 192)&&($txt_octet1 <= 223))
   {
    $rb_classc->select;
   }

  &SetClass;
 }


#######################
#
#  Only accept numbers into the text entry boxes.
#
sub CheckEntry
 {
   my $key = $_[1];
   my $currententry = $mw->focusCurrent;
   my $currentvalue = $currententry->get();

   if (($key ne 'Control_L')&&($key ne 'Control_R')&&($key ne 'Alt_L')&&($key ne 'Alt_R')&&($key ne 'Shift_L')&&
       ($key ne 'Shift_R')&&($key ne 'Return')&&($key ne 'BackSpace')&&($key ne 'Tab')&&($key ne 'Caps_Lock')&&
       ($key ne 'Insert')&&($key ne 'Delete')&&($key ne 'Home')&&($key ne 'End')&&($key ne 'Prior')&&($key ne 'period')&&
       ($key ne 'Next')&&($key ne 'Left')&&($key ne 'Up')&&($key ne 'Right')&&($key ne 'Down')&&($key ne 'Num_Lock')
      )
    {
     if (($key =~ /\D/)||($currentvalue > 255))
      {
       my $length = length($currentvalue);
       $currententry->delete($length-1, $length); # This assumes we're positioned at the end...
      }
    }

   # If the user presses the period handle it the same way but move the focus to the next octet.
   if ($key eq 'period')
    {
     my $length = length($currentvalue);
     $currententry->delete($length-1, $length); # This assumes we're positioned at the end...
     $currententry->focusNext();      
    }
 }


#######################
#
#  Routine that is triggered when we change IP class
#
sub SetClass
 {
  if ($current_class eq "A")
   {
    $class_bits = 8;
    if ($txt_octet1 > 127)
     {
      $txt_octet1 = "1";
     }
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "B")
   {
    $class_bits = 16;
    if (($txt_octet1 < 128)||($txt_octet1 > 191))
     {
      $txt_octet1 = "128";
     }
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "C")
   {
    $class_bits = 24;
    if (($txt_octet1 < 192)||($txt_octet1 > 223))
     {
      $txt_octet1 = "192";
     }
   }

  # If we're not doing super netting don't allow the user to do that
  if (($cb_supernetting == 0)&&($scale_cidrbits < $class_bits))
    {
     $scale_cidrbits = $class_bits;
    }

  # Make sure everything is still in sync
  &SyncDisplay;
 }


#######################
#
#  This routine makes sure all of our values are calculated 
#  and our dispalys are updated when ever we change a value.
#
sub SyncDisplay
 {
  # We don't currently support using the Details button when 
  # the user is looking at supernets so we should disable it here.
  # We'll also disable the class buttons since they don't 
  # really apply either.

  if ($cb_supernetting)
   {
    $detailsbutton->configure(-state=>'disabled');
    $rb_classa->configure(-state=>'disabled');
    $rb_classb->configure(-state=>'disabled');
    $rb_classc->configure(-state=>'disabled');
   }
  else
   {
    $detailsbutton->configure(-state=>'normal');
    $rb_classa->configure(-state=>'normal');
    $rb_classb->configure(-state=>'normal');
    $rb_classc->configure(-state=>'normal');
   }

  # If we're not allowed to use the first and last subnets 
  # then it is not proper to have one-bit subnet masks because 
  # there would only be a first and last subnet.

  if ($cb_allsubnets == 0)
   {
    if ($scale_cidrbits == 1)
     {
      $scale_cidrbits = 2;
     }
    elsif ($scale_cidrbits == 9)
     {
      $scale_cidrbits = 10;
     }
    elsif ($scale_cidrbits == 17)
     {
      $scale_cidrbits = 18;
     }
    elsif ($scale_cidrbits == 25)
     {
      $scale_cidrbits = 26;
     }
   }

  # If we're not doing super netting don't allow the user to do that
  if (($cb_supernetting == 0)&&($scale_cidrbits < $class_bits))
    {
     $scale_cidrbits = $class_bits;
    }

  # Display the netmask in its various forms
  ($foo, $bar, $baz) = split(/,/, $netmask[$scale_cidrbits], 3);
  $txt_decmask = 'Decimal Netmask: '.$foo;
  $txt_hexmask = 'Hex Netmask: '.$bar;
  $txt_aclmask = 'ACL Netmask: '.$baz;

  # Calculate how many bits are in each portion of the address
  $host_bits    = 32-$scale_cidrbits;
  if ($cb_supernetting == 0)
   {
    $network_bits = $class_bits;
    $subnet_bits  = $scale_cidrbits-$network_bits;
   }
  else
   {
    $network_bits = 0;
    $subnet_bits  = $scale_cidrbits-$network_bits;
   }
  $txt_bitlist  = "Network bits:$network_bits Subnet bits: $subnet_bits Host bits: $host_bits";

  # Display the CIDR Representation
  $txt_cidr = "/$scale_cidrbits";

  # Calculate the number of subnets and hosts in each of them
  $num_hosts = (2**$host_bits)-2;
  $txt_hosts = "Hosts: ".commify($num_hosts);

  $num_subnets = 2**$subnet_bits;
  if (($cb_allsubnets == 0)&&($num_subnets > 2))
   {
    $num_subnets = $num_subnets - 2;
   }
  $txt_subnets = "Subnets: ".commify($num_subnets);
  
  # Display a graphical representation of the address
  if ($cb_supernetting == 1)
   {
    $startbits = ''
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "A")
   {
    $startbits = '0'
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "B")
   {
    $startbits = '10'
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "C")
   {
    $startbits = '110'
   }
  $txt_addressmap = 'Bitmap: '.$startbits."N"x($network_bits-length($startbits))."S"x$subnet_bits."H"x$host_bits;


  #
  # Sometimes its not useful to see a list of 64K subnets if we just 
  # want to see the currect subnet in a large network, ie: 10.1.1.0/27
  #

  # Current address in binary
  $foo1 = substr (dec2bin($txt_octet1), -8, 8);
  $foo2 = substr (dec2bin($txt_octet2), -8, 8);
  $foo3 = substr (dec2bin($txt_octet3), -8, 8);
  $foo4 = substr (dec2bin($txt_octet4), -8, 8);
  $bin_address = "$foo1$foo2$foo3$foo4";

  # Current netmask in binary
  $bin_mask = "1"x($network_bits+$subnet_bits)."0"x$host_bits;

  # Find out the current network
  $bin_currentnet = $bin_address & $bin_mask; # Bitwise AND

  # Print everything based on the current network and number of hosts in it...
  $txt_currentnet = 'Current Network: '.bin2dotoct($bin_currentnet);
  $txt_currentfirst = 'First Address: '.dec2dotoct(bin2dec($bin_currentnet)+1);
  $txt_currentlast = 'Last Address: '.dec2dotoct(bin2dec($bin_currentnet)+$num_hosts);
  $txt_currentbcast = 'Broadcast: '.dec2dotoct(bin2dec($bin_currentnet)+$num_hosts+1);
 }


#######################
#
#  Creates another window and displays the subnet ranges
#
sub Details
 {
  # Make sure the user really wants to see a really long list...
  if ($num_subnets > 8000)
   {
     $dialog = $mw->DialogBox( -title=>"Large List Warning", -buttons=>["OK", "Cancel"]);
     $dialog->add("Label", -text=>" ")->pack();
     $dialog->add("Label", -text=>"You've requested printing a large number of subnets, ")->pack();
     $dialog->add("Label", -text=>"which may take a lot of time and resources.")->pack();
     $confirmbutton = $dialog->Show();
     if ($confirmbutton eq "OK")
      {
        # We'll continue
      }
     else
      {
        # This is the default.
        return;
      }
   }

  # Create the window and put in a text box
  $dw = MainWindow->new;
  $dw->title("Subnet Details");
  $detailtext = $dw->Scrolled("Text", -scrollbars=>'osoe')->pack(-ipadx=>20);

  # For ease of reading we print the subnets in different colors.
  $detailtext->tagConfigure("red", -foreground=>"red");
  $detailtext->tagConfigure("blue", -foreground=>"blue");
  $detailtext->tagConfigure("black", -foreground=>"black");
  $textcolor = 'blue';

  # Find our larger classful network
  if ($current_class eq "A")
   {
     $ipnetwork = "$txt_octet1\.0\.0\.0";
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "B")
   {
     $ipnetwork = "$txt_octet1\.$txt_octet2\.0\.0";
   }
  elsif ($current_class eq "C")
   {
     $ipnetwork = "$txt_octet1\.$txt_octet2\.$txt_octet3\.0";
   }

  # We do the actual math in binary, so now's a good time to convert to that.
  ($ip1, $ip2, $ip3, $ip4) = split(/\./,$ipnetwork);
  $foo1 = substr (dec2bin($ip1), -8, 8);
  $foo2 = substr (dec2bin($ip2), -8, 8);
  $foo3 = substr (dec2bin($ip3), -8, 8);
  $foo4 = substr (dec2bin($ip4), -8, 8);
  $binipnetwork = "$foo1$foo2$foo3$foo4";

  # Print details for this list
  $detailtext->insert('end', "\nAddress and CIDR: $txt_octet1\.$txt_octet2\.$txt_octet3\.$txt_octet4$txt_cidr\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Number of subnets: $txt_subnets\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Number of hosts per subnet: $txt_hosts\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Netmask in Decimal: $txt_decmask\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Netmask in Hexdecimal: $txt_hexmask\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Inverse (ACL) Netmask: $txt_aclmask\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Bit Address Map: $txt_addressmap\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "Bit Breakout: $txt_bitlist\n", 'black');

  # Print a header
  $detailtext->insert('end', "\nSubnet Details for $ipnetwork/$scale_cidrbits\n", 'black');
  $detailtext->insert('end', "  Subnet   Network\t       Address Range\t\t Broadcast\n", 'black');

  # Seed our loop 
  $foo   = bin2dec($binipnetwork);
  $count = 1;

  # Skip the first subnet if we're avoiding it, we'll run through the 
  # right number of subnets because $num_subnets is already correct.
  if ($cb_allsubnets == 0)
   {
    $foo = $foo + ($num_hosts + 2);
   }

  while ($count <= $num_subnets)
   {
    #  What we'll do is convert the Network address 
    #  to a decimal number, add the number of hosts 
    #  to that, and then convert it back to 4 octets 
    #  of decimal numbers.
    $printnet = dec2dotoct($foo);
    $foo++;
    $printfirst = dec2dotoct($foo);
    $foo = $foo + ($num_hosts - 1); # 1st host is already printed.
    $printlast = dec2dotoct($foo);
    $foo++;
    $printbcast = dec2dotoct($foo);

    # Look to see if the address the user put in is in this subnet.
    # If so highlight in red, although its silly if we're only printing one subnet.
    if ($num_subnets > 1)
     {
      ($ip1, $ip2, $ip3, $ip4) = split(/\./,$printnet);
      if (($txt_octet1 >= $ip1)&&($txt_octet2 >= $ip2)&&($txt_octet3 >= $ip3)&&($txt_octet4 >= $ip4))
       {
        # Could be...
        ($ip1, $ip2, $ip3, $ip4) = split(/\./,$printbcast);
        if (($txt_octet1 <= $ip1)&&($txt_octet2 <= $ip2)&&($txt_octet3 <= $ip3)&&($txt_octet4 <= $ip4))
         {
          # It is!
          $textcolor = 'red';
         }
       }
     }

    # Print the results
    $detailtext->insert('end', "    $count\t $printnet\t$printfirst - $printlast\t$printbcast\n", $textcolor);

    # Incrument counters and alternate colors for each subnet
    $foo++;
    $count++;
    if ($textcolor eq 'black')
     {
      $textcolor = 'blue';
     }
    else
     {
      $textcolor = 'black';
     }
   }
 }


#######################
#
#  Creates another window and displays the about box
#
sub AboutDisplay
 {
  $aw = MainWindow->new;
  $aw->title("About IP Address Abacus");

  $aw->Label(-text=>"IP Address Abacus")->pack(-pady=>10, -padx=>10);
  $aw->Label(-text=>"Version: $version")->pack(-pady=>5, -padx=>10);
  $aw->Label(-text=>"by Anthony Anderberg")->pack(-pady=>5, -padx=>10);
  $aw->Label(-text=>"http://www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/ipabacus/")->pack(-pady=>10, -padx=>10);
 }